What it is the skeletal system of the human bones? The skeletal system human bones
| human bones |
What it is the skeletal system of the human bones?
The skeletal system human bones
At the time of the new birth, the human body is formed by the 270 bone. However, along with the development of the body, some of the bones are fused. At the time of reaching adulthood, the human skeleton will only be formed by 206 bones.
Then, like what is the anatomy of the human bones? Check out a full explanation of the anatomy of the bones and also the joints on the human here.
The function of bone in humans
Before studying the anatomy of the skeleton of a man, You need to understand the function of its existence on the body. From head to finger You, bones serve to protect as well as forming the body. The skull protects the brain while the ribs protect the vital organs in the chest.
In addition, there are five main functions other than human bones, among which are:
- Forming a structure in the body.
- Place to store minerals and lipids needed by the body.
- Place produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood elements other.
- Protect the organs in the body.
- Give the body's ability to move.
- Forms the skeleton of a man
- It's good to understand the forms of the bones before understanding the anatomy of the skeleton of a man.
Based on its shape, the human spine is divided into five forms, namely:
1. Long bones
| Long bones |
Long bones have a cavity and responsible as the supporting framework of the body. For example the long bones, namely the femur (thigh bone), the calf bone (fibula), shinbone (tibia), foot bones (metatarsals) and the bones of the palm of the hand (metacarpal) finger-finger (phalang), as well as the bones that form the arms, namely the humerus, ulna, and radius.
2. Short bone
| Short bone |
The size is approximately along the width and shaped like cubes or are round. This bone allows You to move. As an example of short bone, among others, are the bones forming the ankle (tarsal) and the bones forming the wrist (carpal).
3. The flat bones
| Flat bones |
The flat bones have a size which is very thin, but size and shape vary greatly. This bone has a surface area to protect the muscle on the bone. For example the flat bones, among others bones of the ribs (rib), bones of the skull (cranial), chest bone (sternum) and shoulder blade (scapula).
4. Bone irregular
Bones do not regularly have a form that is not in accordance with the long bones, short, or flat. As an example of this bone is the spine (vertebrae), the sacrum, the coccyx (coccygeal), as well as some of the bones that form the face like a bone wedge (sphenoid), cheek bone (zygomatic), and ethmoid bone.
5. Bones sesamoid
| Bones sesamoid |
Bone sesamoid is a bone embedded in a tendon (connective tissue that connects muscle tissue to bones). The bones of a small round is commonly found in the tendons of the hands, knees, and feet. Bone sesamoid serves to protect the tendon from the pressure on the joints and increase the efficiency of the joints. One example of these bones is the kneecap (patella).
The anatomy of the human bones
Anatomy skeleton human bones divided into two groups, namely axial and apendikular.
Bones of the axial
Bones of the axial includes all of the bones throughout the body, including the skeleton of the skull, which includes the bones of the skull and skeleton of the face.
1. The bones of the skull
| The bones of the skull |
The skull protects the most important part of the whole brain. The skull is actually composed of different bones. Some of these bones protect Your brain, while others form the structure of Your face.
The bones of the skull consists of the bones of the forehead (frontal), the fontanel bone (parietal), the temple (temporal), and the bones forming the face i.e. cheekbones, the bone wedge, the bone of the lower jaw (mandible), the bone of the upper jaw (maxillary), the tear (lacrimal), and the nasal bone (nasal).
2. The spine (vertebral column)
| The Spine |
The framework of the human spine has 33 vertebra bone that is divided into five sections, namely the 7 bones of the neck (cervical), 12 vertebrae in the chest (thoracic), 5 bones of the lower back (lumbar), 5 bones of the sacrum, and 4 coccyx (coccygeal).
Each segment of bone was given the name by the first letter of the segment and its position along the axis of the top to bottom, except the sacrum and coccyx. For example, the bones of the chest or thoracic the most over the so-called T1 and the most under the so-called T12.
3. Ribs and sternum
| Ribs and sternum |
Skeletal anatomy bones human also include the breast bone (sternum), which is a thin bone shaped blades located along the midline of Your body. The Sternum is connected to ribs by cartilage called costal cartilages.
Rib is useful to protect the heart, lungs, and liver as well as other organs in the chest cavity in order to remain safe. The human ribs consist of 12 pairs, which consists of 7 pairs of true ribs, 3 pairs of ribs false, and 2 pairs of ribs drifts.
Bone apendikular
Meanwhile, the anatomy of the human skeleton part apendikular includes all of the bones that form the upper limbs, lower limbs, shoulder, and pelvis and connects with the axial section.
1. The bones of the hands
| The bones of the hands |
The anatomy of the bones in the hand, consisting of the upper arm bone (humerus), the wrist (carpal), hand (metacarpal) and finger-finger. Each arm attached to the shoulder blade (scapula) is the bone of the big triangles in the corners of the bones of the upper part of each side of the ribs.
The Humerus located just above the elbow, and below the elbow there are two bones, namely the radius and the ulna. Each is shaped wide at the ends and thin in the middle. This is to give strength when it meets another bone.
At the ends of the radius and ulna are eight smaller bones that form Your wrist. On the palm there are five bones. Each finger consists of three bone segments, except the thumb consists of only two bone segments.
2. The bones of the pelvis
| The bones of the pelvis |
The anatomy of the bones of the foot will be attached to the group of the pelvic bones, the shape of the bowl that support the spine. The pelvic bones consist of the bones of the pelvis right and left, each side is a fusion of three large bones, flat and irregular: ilium, ischium, pubis.
3. The bones of the foot
| The bones of the foot |
The bones of the foot are also part of the anatomy of the skeleton of a man that serves to support the weight of the body so that You can stand and walk upright. The bones of the foot begins from the pelvis to the knee, called the thigh bone or femur. This is the longest in the human body. The thigh bone is attached to the pelvic bones.
In the knee, there is bone that is triangular shaped which is called the patella, or kneecap. This bone that protects the knee joint.
Below the knee there are two bones of the other leg, namely the tibia or known by the shin bone and the fibula or the calf bone. Just like the three bones in Your arm, the third bone in the foot has a tip that is wider than in the middle to give strength when it meets another bone.
While the bones of the ankle (the metatarsal) is slightly different from the wrist. On the part of the ankle are the talus bones, which are attached to the calf bone and form the ankle, then under the talus bones are the heels, which are connected with six other bone.
On the foot bones (tarsal) there are five long bones that connect to the toes. Each toe has three tiny bones, except the thumb has only two bones.
The relationship of the skeleton with the joints
After knowing the anatomy of the skeleton of a man, You need to understand the relationship of the bones with the joints in the human body. According to the Standfort Children's Health, the joint is a meeting place of two or more bones in the body.
Therefore, the joint is very closely related to the skeleton of a man. Most of the joints are mobile or can be moved, so that the bone was also more easily perform the movement. The joints consist of:
1. Cartilage
| Cartilage |
Although called a cartilage, a part of this joint is the tissue that covers or lines the joints. This cartilage can help reduce the friction that occurs due to the movement in the joints.
2. The synovial membrane
| The synovial membrane |
Part of the joint's lining the joint capsule. In addition, the synovial membrane is secretes clear colorless liquid which is shaped a bit thick and sticky called synovial fluid around the joints that serves as a lubricant of the joints.
3. The Ligaments
| The ligaments |
Ligaments are fibrous tissues but is elastic and serves as the connective tissues that are around the joints for support as well as limit the movement of the joints. Ligaments served to connect the bones with other bones.
4. Tendons
| Tendons |
Almost similar to the ligaments, tendons are located on the sides of the joint and attached to the muscles that control the movement of the joints. The Tendon serves to menghubungjan muscles with the bones.
5. Stock
Meanwhile, a part of this joint is a fluid-filled sac located between bones, ligaments, or other structures. The function of the sac of this fluid is to reduce friction which are in the joints.
6. Meniscus
Actually, the meniscus including the type of cartilage. However, the cartilage that this one is shaped like the letter C which serves as a bearing contained in the knee joints.
Health disorders on the bones and joints
Health disorders that attack the bones
Here are the various diseases or abnormalities affecting the skeleton of a man. Among them:
1. Osteoporosis
| Osteoporosis |
Osteoporosis is bone loss that is on the level of severity of the cause of fractures. Osteoporosis most often occurs in the bones of the pelvis, wrist, and spine.
Osteoporosis can be experienced by both women and men. However, women who are elderly and have already experienced menopause have a higher risk to experience it.
The use of drugs and lifestyle changes can prevent progress of this disease, and strengthen the bones start to brittle.
2. Fractures
| Fractures |
The problem of the human skeleton can also occur if there is a broken bone. Usually, this condition occurs as a result of falls, vehicle accidents, or sports injuries. The level of severity also varied.
If not too severe, may the bones You just have cracks. However, at a level that is already severe, for example in a car crash, Your bones may be broken and in need of immediate medical care.
3. Abnormalities of the spine
| Abnormalities of the spine |
There are also abnormalities in the spine which became one of the problems of the human skeleton. Several types of abnormalities of the spine, among others, kyphosis (spine is curved excessively to the front), lordosis (vertebrae the lower part is curved inward excessively), and scoliosis (spine is curved to the side).
There is also a spondylolisthesis, that is a spinal deformity that occurs due to shifting of the bone down so that it presses on the nerve and causing pain or pain. Then, spondylosis is a problem in the spine that occur as part of the aging process.
4. Osteopenia
Osteopenia is a problem of the human skeleton due to the decline in kepadatang bone. This makes the bones become increasingly fragile. If not treated, osteopenia can lead to osteoporosis.
5. Osteomalacia
Osteomalacia is a matter of the health of the bone that causes the bone can not be hardened. This makes the bones become more prone to bent, even broken. This is usually caused by the body a lack of vitamin D.
6. Paget's disease of bone
Paget's disease of the bone has the traits of bones in certain body parts become larger and thicker. This disease can interfere with the recycling process of new bone tissue.
You will be at increased risk of bone disorders this one as we age. This disease can also occur in hereditary, so that the risk is also increased if there are family members who suffer from paget's disease of bone.
7. Osteopetrosis
Osteopetrosis leads to a collection of bone disorders which happen to be hereditary. It is characterized by increase in bone mass and the growth of the abnormal bone.
8. Achondroplasia
Achondroplasia is a disorder of bone growth characterized by problems dwarfism (dwarfism). This also causes the movement of the elbow becomes limited, the size of the head becomes larger than normal size, until the fingers of the small-sized.
9. Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of rare disorders that can attack the connective tissue. That is, it can cause bones to become brittle and easily broken.
10. Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is a bone infection. This infection can be felt to the bone because of the spread of the body tissue or blood flow. However, the infection can come from the bone itself if there is a wound which makes the bone contaminated with germs.
Health problems that affect the joints
In addition to the health problems of the bones that invade the skeleton of a man, is there anyway that attack the joints. Among them:
1. Arthritis
Arthritis is inflammation of joints which is divided into several types. Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, septic arthritis, and juveline idiopathic arthritis is a type of arthritis that You need to know.
2. Bursitis
Bursitis is inflammation of bursae, which is one of the parts of the joint in the form of a sac which contains lubricating. This bag can be found on the shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and feet.
3. Tendinitis
Tendinitis is attacking the tendon, in which the tissue fibers that connect the muscle to the bone is experiencing inflammation that occurs as a result of injury that often occurs suddenly.
4. Tendon injuries
Tendon injury occurs because of the tendon tissue is torn due to overuse or a part of the aging process.
5. Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow occurs when tendons in the elbow area too often used, in particular because the movements are repeated in the wrist and arm.
6. Carpal tunnel syndrome
These conditions strike the area of the wrist to the palm of the hand that causes pain, numbness, and pain. Carpal tunnel syndrome can occur if You experience inflammation of the joints around the wrist are invading the median nerve.